TIGERISH ENGLISH FOR LIONISH SUCCESS BY PANKAJ JOSHI

1.direct indirect के दो भाग होते हैं कोमा से बाहर वाला reporting verb कहलाता है और अंदर वाला reporting speech कहलाता है।

जैसे

1.Ram said to mohan,”i am drinking serene water .”

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2.यदि reporting verb present /future tense में है तो reporting speech का tense नहीं बदलेगा ।

3.say to होगा तो tell में और says to होगा तो tell में बदलेगा।

नहीं तो tense निम्न प्रकार बदलेगा

1.sub+V1/V5+ob.—sub+V2+ob

2.sub+is/am/are+V4+ob—sub+was/were+V4+ob

3.sub+has/have+V3+ob—-sub+has/have+been+V3+ob

4.sub+has/have+been+V4+ob+since/for+time—–sub+had been+V4+ob+since/for+time

5.sub+V2+ob—-sub+had+V3+on

6.sub+was/were +V4+ob—-sub+had been +V4+ob .

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कुछ शब्द निम्न प्रकार से बदलेंगे

1.this that

2.here there

3.hither thither

4.ago before

5.today that day

6.yesterday the previous day

7.last week the previous week

8.last month/year the previous month/year

9.tomorrow the next day

10.these those

11.hence thence

12.now then

13.thus so

14.will/shall would

15.may might

16.can could

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pronoun के प्रकार

1.I,WE,MY,OUR ,ME,US,—-1 ST PERSON

2.you ,you ,your ——2 nd person

3.he his him

she her her

they their them its 3 person

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1.यदि rs में 1st person है तो वह rv के sub के अनुसार बदलेगा।

1.he says to me ,”i am entreating before him for Ruth”.

he tells me that he is entreating before him for Ruth.

2.you say to her ,”i have hummed a sonorous song.”

you tell her that you have hummed a sonorous song.

3.they say to me “we amble along bank of a river.”

they tell me that they amble along bank of river.

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यदि वाक्य में 2 nd person हो तो वह reporting verb के object के अनुसार बदलेगा

1.,you say to him,”you are extinguishing inferno.”

you tell him that he is extinguishing inferno.

2.you say to him,”you have renounced your domesticity”

you tell him that you he has renounced his domesticity.

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3 person में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होगा

she says to me,”he is swigging whey in summer”.

she tells me that he is swigging whey in summer.

2.you say to him,”he has peculated in his office.”

you tell him that he has peculated in his office