TIGERISH ENGLISH FOR LIONISH SUCCESS BY PANKAJ JOSHI

यह भुतकाल का modal है।जब कोई काम मजबुरी वश‌ नही हो पाया हो तो इस modal का प्रयोग होगा।इसका negative use ज्यादा होगा।

1.sub+could not +V1+object

2.object+could not be+V3 +by sub

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1.घने अंधरे के कारण हम आधुनिक हथियारों को गुप्त स्थान पर ना छिपा सके।और पुलिस के डर के कारण हम खंडहर से बाहर न निकल सके।

2.अत्यधिक गरीबी और कंगाली के कारण मैं अपना उज्जवल भविष्य नहीं बना सका .जिंदगी की मुसीबतों ओर‌ अभावों ने ने मेरे भविष्य में बाधा डाल दी थी।

3.खराब मौसम के कारण एक नट कलाबाजी के करतब ना दिखा सका ।भारी भीड़ इस तमाशे का इंतजार कर रही थी।

4.वह अपनी अंतर्मुखी प्रव्रति के कारण अपने खाली समय में मुझसे दिल खोल कर बातें ना कर सका ।इसलिए उसने मौत को गले लगा लिया था।

5.कडकडाती सर्दी के कारण वह एक जर्जर मकान से बाहर ना निकल‌सका वह बिना साबुत कंबल‌ के कांप रहा था।

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passive voice

1.समय अभाव और रिमझिम बारीश के कारण महत्व पुर्ण मींटीग में प्रभावशाली भाषण ना दिया जा सका ।

2.भारी विरोध के कारण भव्य मृत्यु भोज का आयोजन ना हो सका ।रुढीवादी लोग इस बुरी प्रथा का पक्ष ले रहे थे।

3. भीषण आग के कारण चार जली हुई लाशों को एक जलते मकान से बाहर न निकाला जा सका ।

4.उसके बदरंग चहेरे के कारण उस लाश की शिनाख्त ना हो सकी ।पुलिस इस रहस्यमयी रहस्य का पर्दा फाश करने की कोशिश कर रही थी।

5.उसकी गजब ईमानदारी के कारण उसको नौकरी से ना निकाल जा सका ।बेईमान लोग ईमानदारी के जानी दुश्मन होते हैं।

5.

2.

fill in the blanks by appropriate grammar ……..

1.the thief explained how he……….from jail.

a.escapes

b.had escaped

c escaped

d.has escaped

2.he did not know where they ………..from.

a had come

b.have come

c.has come

d.come

3.the actress ………..the news of her dog’s death.

a.was shocked at

b.was shocked by

c.shocked by

d.shocked at

4.it is time we ………with determination.

a.act

b.acted

c.have acted

d .will act

5.when the thief entered the house the inmates ……….in the hall.

a.were slept

b.were sleeping

c slept

d.had been sleeping

6.it is hight time he……..his own two legs.

a.stood

b stands

c.stand

d.had stood

7.knowledge of at least two languages ……required to pass the examination.

a.is

b.are

c .were

d.have

8.the river is in spate and it ……..its banks.

a.has overflowed

b.has overflown

c.overflowed

d.overflow

9.a rise in rents and wages ……..found to go together.

a.have been

b.has been

c.are

d.were

10.the families …………in gulmohar park the last two decades.

a.are living

b.is living

c.has been living

d.have been living

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write synonym of following words

1.diligent

a.confident

b.hard working

c lazy

d.shy

2.conceited

a.proud

b.honest

c.modern

d.modest

3.spurious

a.truthful

b.authentic

c.credible

d .original

4.luxuriant

a.luxury loving

b.lovely

c.rich

d.abundant

5.cantankerous

a ferocious

b.quarrelsome

c.ridicule

d.humiliation

6.paucity

a.shortfall

b.downfall

c.publicity

d downfall

7.pensive

a.careless

b .thoughtful

c.penitent

c.unattached

8.cordial

a.smooth

b.friendly

c.sophisticated

d reserved

9.commotion

a.ruckus

b.enthusiasm

c.decrease

d.zest

10.candid

a.overconfident

b.frank

c.arrogant

d.careless

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write opposite of the following words

1.escalate

a.decrease

b.descend

c.deliver

d derive

2.anarchy

a.curfew

b.permanence

c.wholesome

d.order

3.commotion

a.transmission

b.tranquility

c transparency
d .transition

4.monotony

a.enthusiasm

b.repetitiveness

c.variety

d.singularity

5.latter

a earlier

b.before

c.later

d.former

6.jettison

a .accept

b.reward

c.preserve

d.consent

7.ameliorate

a.improve

b.depend

c.soften

d.worsen

8.devious

a.straight

b.obvious

c.simple

d.superficial

9.wicked

a.cunning

b good

c.tricky

d crooked

10.hazy

a.plain

b.light

c clear

d.dull

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write meaning of following phrases

1.turned a blind eye

a.pretended not to notice

b.paid special attention to

c.covered up for

d punished up severely

2.set the bait

a.laid the trap

b.announced the reward

c set the record

d.put the bet

3.ended in smoke

a came to nothing

b.were discarded

c.were partially carried out

d.fructified gradually

4.give it a shot

a.click a picture

b.try something

c.pose for a picture

d.injure someone

5.carrot and stick policy

a fair and foul

b.continuous vigilance

c .democratic

d.reward and punishment

6.cut no ice

a had no influence on me

b.did not hurt me

c.did not benefit me

d.did not make me proud

7.to cut my teeth on

a to gain experience

b.to try

c to sharpen my wits

d.to earn a decent salary

8.put off

a.cancelled

b.postponed

c.advanced

d.announced

9.ins and outs

a.both sides

b.complete detail

c inside information

d full history

10.once in a blue moon

a.regularly

b.often

c rarely

d.once a fortnight

c.inside

c.insid

q

a

1.direct indirect के दो भाग होते हैं कोमा से बाहर वाला reporting verb कहलाता है और अंदर वाला reporting speech कहलाता है।

जैसे

1.Ram said to mohan,”i am drinking serene water .”

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2.यदि reporting verb present /future tense में है तो reporting speech का tense नहीं बदलेगा ।

3.say to होगा तो tell में और says to होगा तो tell में बदलेगा।

नहीं तो tense निम्न प्रकार बदलेगा

1.sub+V1/V5+ob.—sub+V2+ob

2.sub+is/am/are+V4+ob—sub+was/were+V4+ob

3.sub+has/have+V3+ob—-sub+has/have+been+V3+ob

4.sub+has/have+been+V4+ob+since/for+time—–sub+had been+V4+ob+since/for+time

5.sub+V2+ob—-sub+had+V3+on

6.sub+was/were +V4+ob—-sub+had been +V4+ob .

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कुछ शब्द निम्न प्रकार से बदलेंगे

1.this that

2.here there

3.hither thither

4.ago before

5.today that day

6.yesterday the previous day

7.last week the previous week

8.last month/year the previous month/year

9.tomorrow the next day

10.these those

11.hence thence

12.now then

13.thus so

14.will/shall would

15.may might

16.can could

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pronoun के प्रकार

1.I,WE,MY,OUR ,ME,US,—-1 ST PERSON

2.you ,you ,your ——2 nd person

3.he his him

she her her

they their them its 3 person

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1.यदि rs में 1st person है तो वह rv के sub के अनुसार बदलेगा।

1.he says to me ,”i am entreating before him for Ruth”.

he tells me that he is entreating before him for Ruth.

2.you say to her ,”i have hummed a sonorous song.”

you tell her that you have hummed a sonorous song.

3.they say to me “we amble along bank of a river.”

they tell me that they amble along bank of river.

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यदि वाक्य में 2 nd person हो तो वह reporting verb के object के अनुसार बदलेगा

1.,you say to him,”you are extinguishing inferno.”

you tell him that he is extinguishing inferno.

2.you say to him,”you have renounced your domesticity”

you tell him that you he has renounced his domesticity.

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3 person में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होगा

she says to me,”he is swigging whey in summer”.

she tells me that he is swigging whey in summer.

2.you say to him,”he has peculated in his office.”

you tell him that he has peculated in his office

1.ATLE

allure+tempt+lure+entice

2.q—sbbj

quibble+squabble+brawl+bicker+jars

3.RTS

rip+tear+snug

4.wed

waive+estrange+desert

5.p—less

prodigal+lavisher+extravagant+spendthrift+squanderer

phrases

1.put cat among pigeons

2.cat’s whisker

3.cat’s paw

4.cats and dogs rain

5.cats and dogs life

6.square peg into round hole

7.square the circle

8.square deal

9.two square meal a day

10.back to the square one

इसका प्रयोग भुतकाल की संभावना बताने के लिए किया जाता है।

1.sub+may have+V3+ob —-active voice

2.ob+may have been +V3+by sub.—passive voice

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1.उससे बदला लेने के लिए उसने उस पर हथौड़े से वार किया होगा।उसने खुन से सना कपड़ा जला दिया होगा।

he may have lunged at him with a hammer to revenge on him.he may have burnt a blood stained cloth.

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2.पुलिस ने उसकी संदिग्ध गतिविधियो पर कड़ी नजर रखी होगी।उसने पुलिस को चकमा देने के लिए एक मनगढ़ंत कहानी रची होगी।

the police may have zeroed in on his shaddy activities .he may have hatched a fabricated story to bluff the police.

3.उसने अपना अपराध छिपाने के लिए लाश के टुकडे टुकडे किये होंगे और घने जंगल‌ में फेंक दिए होंगे।

he may have hacked a corpse to conceal his heinous crime and dumped into a dense forest

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4.सच का पर्दाफाश‌ करने के लिए पुलिस ने उससे कड़ी पुछताछ की होगी ।मगर उसने अज्ञानता का ढोंग किया होगा।

the police may have grilled him to rake up the truth but he may have pretended of ignorance.

5.वीभत्स मानसिकता के कारण अपने क्रोध में उसने यह धिनौना अपराध किया होगा।

he may have commited heinous crime due to his heinous mentality .

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passive voice

object+may have been +V3+by sub

1.पुख्ता सबुतो के अभाव में एक कुख्यात अपराधी को बाईं इज्जत बरी कर दिया होगा।शायद यह न्याय का मजाक था।

a notorious criminal may have been acquitted with intact reputation in lack of concrete proofs perhaps this was travesty of justice.

2.राजनीतीक रूतबे के कारण वह बिना सजा पाये छुट गया होगा।घटिया राजनीती के साये में धिनौना अपराध पनप रहा होगा।

he may have gone scot free due to political clout .the gruesome crime will be mushrooming under the shadow of sordid politics .

3.एक सुनसान गांव में नकली शराब को जब्त कर लिया होगा ।अपराधी अब तक फरार है।

the hooch may have been impounded in a stark village .the culprit is still at large.

4.कानून को साये में धिनौने अपराधों को जड़ सहित उखाड़ दिया होगा।अच्छे संस्कार ही बढ़ते अपराधों को रोकते हैं।

the heinous crimes may have been uprooted under the patronage of law.sound sacraments prevent soaring crimes.

5.उसने आखरी वक्त पर सच्चाई को उगल दिया होगा और अपना जुर्म कबुल कर लिया होगा।

he may have blurted out the truth at the eleventh hour and confessed his guilt .

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write meaning of following phrases

1.donkey ‘s years

a.at different timings

b.a long time

c.short duration

d .wasting time

2.cut the gordian knot

a .respect that something is very wrong

b.avoid starvation

c .remove the difficulty

d to take the rest

3.chicken out

a .to refuse to do something due to fear

b.to influence

c to seek all enjoyment of life

d.to obtain fame by hard work

4.gift of gab

a making the system look ridiculous

b.ability to talk convincingly readily

c unprofitable venture

d beaten but retained the glory

5.lend one’s ear

1.to listen attentively

2.to rent out something

3.to be independent

4.paid in ear

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write synonym

1.ache

a comfort

b ease

c suffering

d.relief

2.adore

a.hate

b.admire

c aversion

d.dislike

3.aerial

a.ground

b.elevated

c settle

d elevated

4.agony

a torture

b.success

c.happiness

d .soundness

5.blaze

a.glow

b.calm

c.calmness

d.unconsciousness